There are many different ways in which burns can occur in an outdoor activity. Depending on the severity of the burn, the treatment can be different. However, the following general principles apply.
- Cool the burn- Quickly cool the burn with cool (not ice-cold) running water for at least 20 minutes if possible. This helps reduce heat, pain, and potential tissue damage. If running water isn’t available, use clean, cool water from a bottle, or immerse the burn in a stream or lake if hygienic.
- Protect the burned area- After cooling, cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick dressing (like a clean, dry cloth or gauze). Avoid applying creams, lotions, or oils in the outdoors, as these can trap heat and increase the risk of infection. If nothing sterile is available, even a clean piece of clothing can help protect the burn.
- Avoid Breaking Blisters- If blisters form, leave them intact to protect the underlying skin and reduce infection risk.
- Position the burn above heart level (if possible)- If the burn is on an arm or leg, keep the area elevated to reduce swelling and pain.
- Hydrate and provide pain relief- Encourage the person to drink water to prevent dehydration, especially if the burn is large or they’re in a hot environment. Provide pain relief if available, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, following recommended doses.
- Monitor for shock- Large burns can lead to shock. Watch for signs like paleness, cold/clammy skin, rapid pulse, or shallow breathing, and provide reassurance to keep the person calm.
- Seek medical help for severe burns- Full-thickness burns, burns on the face, hands, feet, or genitals, or burns larger than the size of the person’s hand require urgent medical care.