Shock in first aid is an extremely serious medical condition in which the body doesn’t have enough blood flow around the body. At first, the body responds to this life-threatening situation by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels in the extremities (hands and feet). This is called vasoconstriction and it helps conserve blood flow to the vital organs. But the body also releases the hormone (chemical) adrenaline and this can reverse the body’s initial response. When this happens, the blood pressure drops, which can be fatal.
To treat shock, the first step is to follow the DRSABCD guidelines, including seeking help. Lie the patient down and keep them warm and comfortable. Loosen their clothing. If possible, raise their legs above the level of their torso and head (to improve blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs). Do not raise their legs if you suspect a spinal injury, if there is a suspected broken leg or if they are have had a snake or spider bite in the legs.
Control any bleeding if there is any present. When this is controlled, calm the patient down and continue to reassure them. Do not give them anything to eat or drink, even if they are thirsty. The change in body temperature from cold water can reduce blood flow further, exacerbating the problem.